Which marker is most suitable for large-scale mutation screening?
Large-scale mutation screening requires markers that are abundant, genome-wide, amenable to automation and high-throughput detection. SNPs occur every 300-1000 bp in human genome, represent most frequent variation, and can be assayed via genotyping arrays, TaqMan, sequencing and chip platforms enabling millions of genotypes simultaneously. RAPD, AFLP and RFLP are lower throughput, less reproducible, require gel electrophoresis and difficult to automate for millions of samples. Therefore SNP genotyping supports genome-wide association studies, population screening and pharmacogenomics initiatives requiring robust scalable assays.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.