Practice question

Segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during anaphase I of meiosis after cohesion loss on chromosome arms and attachment of homologs to opposite spindle poles. Bivalents aligned at metaphase I disjoin, sister chromatids remain joined at centromeres, reducing chromosome number and physically enacting Mendel's law of segregation. This ensures alleles at loci separate to different daughter cells. Anaphase II separates sisters, metaphase I only aligns, prophase I enables recombination, proper homolog segregation depends on chiasmata and pseudoautosomal pairing. Mastery ensures accurate interpretation of monohybrid and dihybrid progeny arrays, distinguishing dominance interactions from epistasis or linkage effects.