Practice question

Spermatophytes include all seed-bearing vascular plants derived from progymnosperm ancestors late Devonian about 385 million years ago, characterized by megasporangium retained and integumented forming ovule that after fertilization matures into seed containing diploid embryo, stored nutrients haploid triploid and protective testa derived from integuments. This lineage encompasses Gymnospermae naked seeds and Angiospermae enclosed seeds within fruits, surpassing bryophytes lacking true vascular tissue xylem phloem and pteridophytes homosporous spore-dispersed lacking seed habit protected embryo. Term Thallophyte obsolete grouping algae fungi lichens undifferentiated thallus lacking roots stems. Spermatophyte dominance stems from embryo protection dispersal capacity dormancy.