Practice question
Question
Bacterial chromosome is best described as
Explanation
Bacterial chromosome represents highly compacted nucleoid rather than membrane-bound nucleus. Escherichia coli chromosome is single circular double-stranded DNA molecule approximately 4.6 megabases, negatively supercoiled by DNA gyrase and organized into looped domains by HU, IHF, and SMC proteins. Supercoiling facilitates replication, transcription, and compaction into cell volume. No free ends exist, conferring resistance to exonucleases and enabling rolling circle replication modes. Unlike eukaryotes, it lacks histone nucleosomes but shows hierarchical organization essential for rapid growth and precise segregation during binary fission.
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