Practice question

Ctenophores capture zooplankton prey not through nematocysts like cnidarians but via adhesive cells termed colloblasts located on pair long retractile tentacles present in Tentaculata absent in Nuda such as Beroe which feed by swallowing prey whole. Each colloblast comprises spiral filament coiled around core adhesive granules secreting sticky glue. Upon contact granules release adhesive tethering victim spiral uncoils absorbing energy. Tentacle retracts moving prey toward oral groove. Mechanism distinct from nematocyst piercing reflecting independent evolution planktonic predator capture strategies sticky rather than stinging studied as biological adhesion model for biomimetic applications and marine ecology.