Practice question

Back cross is defined as mating F1 hybrid individual to either of its parental pure lines, either dominant homozygous or recessive homozygous. Purpose includes recovering parental background, introgressing genes and examining segregation in known genetic context. F1 crossed to F1 corresponds to intercross or self cross, cross of two pure parents defines P cross, two recessive parents constitutes limited subset of back cross. Broad definition emphasises return to parental genotype, test cross represents specific back cross to recessive parent. This principle is routinely tested in NEET, CBSE 11-12, CUET, CSIR-NET, GATE and MSc Genetics examinations requiring clear conceptual distinction.