TLR4 primarily recognizes
Toll-like receptor 4, in complex with MD-2, is the primary sensor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Ligand binding triggers both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways that culminate in NF-κB activation and type-I interferon production. The resulting inflammatory response is essential for host defense yet can also drive septic shock when excessive. Careful
Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)