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#kinesin

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Kinesin-13 differs from other kinesins because it:

Kinesin superfamily generally couples ATP hydrolysis to processive stepping for cargo transport using hand over hand mechanism but kinesin-13 family including mitotic centromere associated kinesin MCAK KIF2C and KIF2A exhibits depolymerase activity instead of transport. These kinesins possess central motor domain flanked by N and C termini diffuse along microtubule lattice without directional ATP dependent stepping and concentrate at ends via one dimensional diffusion to both tips. At tip they stabilize curved protofilament conformation accelerating removal of tubulin subunits and inducing catastrophe by bending protofilaments outward. Hydrolysis not used for walking but for detaching tubulin and recycling itself after removal. Functionally they regulate spindle length correct erroneous kinetochore attachments by depolymerizing misattached microtubules and tune dynamic instability threshold. Thus kinesin-13 enhances microtubule depolymerization rather than forming filaments or crosslinking actin defining distinct mechanistic class within kinesins important for mitotic fidelity. Additional regulatory inputs including phosphorylation, small GTPases, and cargo adaptors fine tune filament assembly stability and motor activity matching cellular demands during division, migration, and mechanical stress responses efficiently.

Ref: Walczak et al., Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol – Kinesin-13 depolymerase activity mechanism classification.

Which motor protein moves cargo towards the (+) end of microtubules?

Long distance intracellular transport along microtubules employs directional motors whose motor domains read polarity via asymmetric binding and neck linker orientation. Majority of kinesin superfamily members possess N terminal motor domains that exhibit plus end directed motility via neck linker docking mechanism: ATP binding induces neck linker zippering toward plus end swinging trailing head forward 8 nm. Kinesin-1 KIF5B exemplifies conventional plus motor ferrying mitochondria synaptic vesicle precursors lysosomes and mRNP anterogradely toward cell periphery or axon terminals at about 1 micron per second. Dynein is obligate minus end directed motor moving cargo toward centrosome and nucleus for degradation. Myosin II operates on actin filaments for contractility not microtubules. Kinesin-14 family such as NCD and HSET moves minus end due to C terminal motor domain inverted orientation. Hence kinesin-1 epitomizes plus end cargo transport underlying polarized distribution peripheral positioning and axonal anterograde traffic essential for synaptic function and organelle inheritance during division.

Ref: Vale, Cell 2003 – Kinesin family plus end motility; Alberts Chapter 16 Kinesin-1 transport role.