What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in N₂H₄?
Let N = x. H = +1. Equation: 2x + 4(+1) = 0, 2x + 4 = 0, x = -2.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Redox Reactions > Topic: Oxidizing and Reducing Agents and Strength
#hydrazine
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The hybridization of nitrogen in N₂H₄ (hydrazine) is:
In N₂H₄ , each nitrogen is bonded to two hydrogens and one nitrogen, with one lone pair, requiring four sp³ hybrid orbitals.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: Kossel-Lewis Approach and Octet Rule and Lewis Structures
Hydrazine without salt cleaves which bases?
Chemical sequencing with hydrazine exploits differential reactivity of pyrimidines. Hydrazine opens pyrimidine rings, rendering them susceptible to piperidine-mediated backbone scission. The reaction outcome depends on salt concentration. Hydrazine without added sodium chloride modifies both thymine and cytosine, yielding a combined T plus C cleavage lane. Adding high salt such as NaCl or using prolonged conditions suppresses thymine reaction, leaving cytosine-specific cleavage. Comparison of two lanes allows distinction between T and C. Purines A and G remain unreactive to hydrazine; they require other chemicals.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
The maximum number of hydrogen bonds that can form between NHâ‚‚-NHâ‚‚ (hydrazine) and water is:
4 is obtained by applying the relevant formula or quantitative relationship to the given parameters. In Chemical Bonding, numerical problem-solving requires understanding the mathematical relationships between biological variables. The calculation involves substituting the provided values into the appropriate equation and solving systematically. The other options (1, 2, and 3) result from common calculation errors such as using incorrect formulas, misidentifying variables, inverting ratios, or making arithmetic mistakes.
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed.