Which term describes stamens that are free from each other?
Polyandrous stamens are free from each other, as seen in many flowers.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology chapter - Morphology of flowering plants
#floral structures
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Perianth is composed of
Perianth collectively denotes non-reproductive outer floral envelopes providing protection in bud and attraction during anthesis; normally differentiated into outer calyx of sepals typically green sepaloid and inner corolla of petals often coloured petaloid. In complete dicot flowers both present termed dichlamydeous, in monoclamydeous only one whorl evident. Androecium and gynoecium constitute sexual whorls internal to perianth. Carpel alone refers to gynoecium unit, stamen alone to androecium. Perianth differentiation into distinct calyx-corolla is hallmark of most dicots and advanced monocots, while Liliaceae shows undifferentiated tepals called perigonium.
Ref: NCERT Class 11, Perianth calyx corolla differentiation; Campbell Biology, Perianth organization
A bract is best defined as
Bract is modified leaf, often reduced, scaly, sometimes brightly coloured, arising at node where pedicel originates, subtending flower and protecting floral primordium during bud development. In Bougainvillea bracts become large petaloid for attraction, in grasses glumes are bracts. It differs from foliage leaf in size and chlorophyll content and from corolla parts by position external to calyx whorl. Floral axis comprises peduncle plus pedicel continuum, corolla whorl of petals. Presence of bracteate versus ebracteate condition helps differentiate families: Liliaceae commonly bracteate, Brassicaceae typically ebracteate raceme without subtending bracts.
Ref: NCERT Class 11, Bract morphology; Judd et al., Plant Systematics, bracteate ebracteate flowers