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#excretory organs

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Molluscan excretory organs are called

Excretory organs in Mollusca are metanephridial kidneys commonly called nephridia, historically Keber's organ or organ of Bojanus in bivalves. Typically one or two large sac-like kidneys connect at one end to pericardial coelom via renopericardial duct and at other open into mantle cavity via nephridiopore, filtering hemolymph removing ammonia in aquatic forms. They perform ionic, acid-base and volume regulation, resorbing glucose. Unlike Malpighian tubules of insects, green glands of crustaceans or solitary renette cells of nematodes, molluscan nephridia represent true coelomoduct derivatives linked to vascular system and pericardium for ultrafiltration.

Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 4: Mollusca excretory system; Ruppert et al., Invertebrate Zoology

Excretory organs of insects are

Insect excretion is performed by Malpighian tubules, slender blind-ended tubules opening at midgut-hindgut junction, derived from endodermal or ectodermal origin depending on order. Epithelium actively transports potassium, uric acid, excess ions and nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph into lumen via active secretion, water follows osmotically, then hindgut and rectal glands reabsorb water and ions producing semi-dry frass. Tubule number ranges from two to over two hundred. Nephridia characterize annelids, antennal green glands crustaceans, coxal glands arachnids. Malpighian tubule-rectal complex supports uricotelism conserving water essential for terrestrial life.

Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 7: Excretion Malpighian Tubules; Campbell Biology, 12th ed., Chapter 44