8 public questions tagged with this topic.
Bony fishes and amphibians excrete ammonia directly into water as they require large amounts of water for excretion.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination Urine Formation - Glomerular Filtration
Both male and female frogs have kidneys, which function as excretory organs.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals Animal Tissues - Muscular and Neural Tissue
The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metamorphosis in frogs, controlling the transition from tadpole to adult.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals Animal Tissues - Muscular and Neural Tissue
Frogs reproduce sexually through external fertilization, where males fertilize eggs in water.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals Animal Tissues - Muscular and Neural Tissue
Most amphibians exhibit external fertilization, where eggs are laid in water and fertilized outside the female's body.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom Vertebrata - Amphibia and Reptilia
Pseudocoelomate body plan shows variation among Aschelminthes. In Nematoda body wall comprises resistant collagenous cuticle, syncytial hypodermis and only longitudinal muscle layer, circular muscle absent, enclosing fluid-filled pseudocoel at high turgor functioning as hydroskeleton. Musculature restricted to outer peripheral position muscles lie only on outer side of pseudocoel not lining gut. Contrasts with true coelomates where muscle layers border both sides of coelom. High internal pressure enables undulatory thrashing locomotion. Hence animal exhibiting pseudocoelom with muscle solely peripherally corresponds to nematode organization illustrating evolutionary intermediate between acoelomate and eucoelomate architectures and adaptation to interstitial and parasitic existence worldwide.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 4: Pseudocoelom Nematoda muscles; Campbell Chapter 33
Open circulatory system characterized by heart pumping hemolymph through short open-ended arteries into large interconnected sinuses forming hemocoel where hemolymph directly bathes tissues without continuous endothelial separation, mixing blood and interstitial fluid, returning to dorsal heart via ostia equipped with valves. Hemolymph pressure low, but metabolic demands met in many arthropods and most molluscs partly because tracheal system supplies oxygen or small size. Annelids, earthworms, cephalopods and chordates possess closed circulation confining blood within vessels enabling higher pressure and directed flow.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chapter 18 Body Fluids Circulation Open System; Campbell Biology 12th ed. Chapter 42
Unlike plants which store excess photosynthetic energy mostly as starch, the metabolic systems of animals are vastly different. According to the NCERT Biological Classification chapter, members of Kingdom Animalia directly store their reserve food energy primarily as 'glycogen or fat'. These highly efficient energy storage molecules can be rapidly mobilized during locomotion or starvation periods.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology > Chapter 2: Biological Classification > 2.5 Kingdom Animalia
