Practice question

Female gametophyte deeply embedded protected by diploid nucellus megasporangium and surrounding one or two integuments forming ovule; integuments leave micropyle opening for pollen entry but otherwise seal gametophyte from desiccation pathogens UV. Antheridium protects male gametes in bryophytes pteridophytes jacked cells, archegonium encloses egg within neck jacket cells venter, spore wall protects dispersed spore not retained gametophyte itself after meiosis. Ovule evolution considered key innovation enabling seed plants to colonize dry habitats by eliminating free-living delicate female gametophyte vulnerable phase outdoors, ensuring provisioned embryo develops securely on mother sporophyte receiving nutrients matrotrophically until seed maturity dormancy.