Practice question

Seed gene banks constitute vital ex-situ facilities conserving plant genetic resources as seeds dried to low moisture content around 5% and stored at subzero temperatures -20°C in sealed packets. Method works for orthodox seeds tolerating desiccation such as cereals, pulses, vegetables, and many wild relatives. Facilities like National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Delhi and Svalbard Global Seed Vault Norway maintain millions of accessions safeguarding genetic diversity against habitat loss, climate change, and disasters, enabling crop improvement and ecosystem restoration. Conservation strategies built on this knowledge support national biodiversity targets and sustainable livelihood planning for local communities.