Practice question

Cambial activity forming secondary vascular tissues distinguishes arborescent seed plants achieving indefinite girth increase and perennial longevity. Vascular cambium cylindrical lateral meristem originates from residual procambium and interfascicular parenchyma producing secondary xylem wood interior with vessels tracheids fibers and secondary phloem bark exterior. Cork cambium produces periderm protective layer. Bryophytes lack lignified vascular tissues entirely with only hydroids leptoids, pteridophytes mostly primary growth though tree ferns show limited dictyostele persistence without true secondary growth, algae no vascularization. Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms where secondary growth provides support enabling tall trees and lianes.