Practice question

Ribosome subunit dissociation and recycling occur after translation termination, not initiation or elongation. Upon stop codon recognition, class I release factors hydrolyze peptidyl-tRNA, liberating polypeptide. Then ribosome recycling factor RRF together with EF-G GTP in bacteria or ABCE1 ATPase in eukaryotes splits post-termination complex into free small and large subunits, releasing mRNA and deacylated tRNA. Freed subunits re-enter initiation pool. Anti-association factors IF3 and eIF3 maintain subunits dissociated until new initiation, ensuring orderly cycle and preventing futile reassembly on same mRNA.