Practice question

New systematics concept introduced by Julian Huxley in 1940 emphasizes integration of many disciplinary evidence cytogenetics, ecology, physiology, genetics, biochemistry beyond herbarium morphological description to delimit species as dynamic evolving units of populations. Term synonymous with biosystematics and experimental taxonomy, contrasting static morphological taxonomy. Numerical taxonomy refers to phenetics using quantitative similarity indices Sokal Sneath, artificial taxonomy Linnaean sexual system single character, cladistics phylogenetic system based on derived synapomorphies. Biosystematics approach led to recognition of ecospecies, coenospecies and genotypic clusters, shifting species concept from typological to biological dynamic viewpoint fundamental in modern evolutionary synthesis.