Practice question

Human female karyotype 46,XX includes 22 autosome pairs plus homologous XX pair. Since X chromosomes share extensive homology and pair fully during meiosis, all X-linked genes belong to single linkage group inherited together. Adding 22 autosomal groups plus one X group totals 23 linkage groups. Number matches haploid set 23 where each autosome and X appears once in gamete. Females therefore represent standard situation where linkage group count equals haploid chromosome number without exception because sex chromosomes not heteromorphic, illustrating general rule clearly.