Practice question

Autosomal genes reside on non-sex chromosomes one through twenty-two, transmitted equally to sons and daughters via independent segregation. Dominant allele expresses phenotype even in heterozygous state, so trait appears vertically every generation without sex bias when autosomal dominant with full penetrance. Unlike X-linked or Y-linked or mitochondrial traits showing sex skew or maternal bias, autosomal dominant affects males and females with equal probability. Generation skipping suggests recessive inheritance, while exclusive male or female transmission suggests sex chromosome or mitochondrial modes.