Practice question

Amniotes defined synapomorphically by presence of amniotic egg containing extraembryonic membranes amnion enclosing embryo in fluid protecting from desiccation and mechanical shock, chorion facilitating gas exchange, allantois storing nitrogenous wastes and forming chorioallantois, enabling reproduction independent of water. Additional traits include keratinized impervious epidermis with scales or feathers, internal fertilization via intromittent organ, metanephric kidney excreting uric acid reducing water loss. Moist skin and external fertilization characterize amphibians, gills adult absent, amniotes include reptiles birds mammals. This concept holds high importance for NEET, CBSE board, CUET and competitive examinations focusing on comparative morphology and evolutionary