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Question

Which phylum includes liverworts?

Options

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Explanation

In contemporary taxonomy, bryophytes are properly split into three distinct monophyletic phyla reflecting deep Precambrian divergences: Bryophyta includes true mosses, Hepatophyta or Marchantiophyta includes liverworts characterized by dorsiventral thalli, unicellular smooth or pegged rhizoids, absence of stomata on gametophyte and presence of membrane-bound oil bodies with terpenes, and Anthocerotophyta hornworts with unique sporophyte intercalary meristem. Pteridophyta is vascular seedless group belonging to tracheophytes. Recognizing Hepatophyta as liverwort lineage clarifies placement of genera Riccia, Marchantia and leafy Jungermanniales with incubous leaves.