Practice question

Ovule integuments maternal diploid sporophytic tissue origin undergo post-fertilization differentiation and sclerification: outer integument often forms testa outer seed coat providing mechanical protection impermeability dormancy, inner integument tegmen membranous thin often crushed. Both derived sporophyte, nucellus mostly consumed or persisting as perisperm in Caryophyllales beet family example, ovule overall refers to pre-fertilization structure including nucellus female gametophyte, endosperm triploid product after fertilization nutritive. Thus seed coat lineage directly traces to integument, explaining maternal inheritance of coat color texture patterns such as mottled beans studied by Mendel and imposing physical dormancy via phenolics cutin suberin layers.