Practice question

Pseudocopulation describes reproductive behavior in Merostomata horseshoe crabs where male clasps female opisthosoma using modified pedipalps during amplexus on sandy intertidal beaches synchronously at high spring tides and full moon. Female digs nests laying greenish eggs, male releases sperm externally over eggs as water recedes, no intromittent organ insertion occurs, fertilization external but paired, hence pseudo mating. Mass synchronized nesting enhances fertilization and predator satiation. Arachnids typically internal fertilization with spermatophore, insects internal copulation, crustaceans diverse internal or external. Pseudocopulation illustrates primitive external amplexus of marine chelicerates.