Practice question

Protists display highly diverse locomotor adaptations tied to cytoskeletal organization and ecological niche. Amoeboid motion uses actin-driven pseudopodial extension, ciliary propulsion relies on coordinated 9+2 microtubule axonemes beating synchronously in Paramecium, and flagellar movement employs similar axonemal whiplash in Euglena. Gliding via hyphal extension is exclusive to filamentous fungi where apical growth and turgor-driven tip elongation produce mycelial expansion, not true cellular locomotion. Thus filamentous hyphal gliding does not belong to protistan motility repertoire, explaining exclusion of hyphal gliding from protist locomotion.