Practice question

Angiosperm carpel interpreted as conduplicate megasporophyll whose margins fuse enclosing ovules borne on placenta within ovary cavity, providing protection and selective pollen tube competition. Post-fertilization ovary wall differentiates into pericarp: exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp contributing fruit diversity dehiscent or indehiscent, fleshy or dry, adaptations for dispersal by animals zoochory, wind anemochory or water hydrochory. Gymnosperm ovules attached exposed on ovuliferous scales lack ovarian enclosure, seeds remain naked with no pericarp, only seed coat derived from integuments. Integument forms seed coat not fruit, while sporophyll term applies broadly, carpel enclosure remains definitive diagnostic angiosperm innovation enabling coevolution with frugivores.