Practice question

For two-allele system at single locus, sum of allele frequencies equals one, representing entire allelic pool, expressed as p plus q equals one. If p denotes frequency of allele A at 0.7, then q equals one minus p by mathematical complementarity. Calculation yields one minus 0.7 equals 0.3, frequency of alternative allele a. This relationship underlies all Hardy-Weinberg calculations, allowing determination of q when p known and vice versa. It holds regardless of genotype distribution or population structure and forms basis for estimating heterozygote and recessive homozygote frequencies via binomial expansion.