Practice question

Biodiversity conservation employs two complementary strategies. In-situ conserves species within natural habitats through protected areas like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and sacred groves where ecological processes continue without relocation. Ex-situ conserves components outside natural habitat when wild survival is jeopardized, involving zoological gardens, botanical gardens, aquaria, seed banks, cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, tissue culture, and gene banks. Ex-situ provides genetic backup, enables research, captive breeding, and future reintroduction, integrating with in-situ for holistic conservation. This example illustrates how ecological adaptations correlate with biogeographic zonation and conservation prioritization in Indian context.