Practice question

Protein microarrays are classified by immobilized material and applications. Functional arrays spot purified proteins to test biochemical activities. Analytical arrays immobilize antibodies to measure protein abundance. Reverse-phase arrays invert format by using complex biological samples such as cell lysates, tissue extracts, or fractionated proteomes spotted on chip. These spots are then probed with specific antibodies or ligands. This format enables parallel profiling of post-translational modifications, signaling states, or biomarkers across many samples with limited volume, contrasting drug or antibody-only arrays.