Practice question

Greater species richness increases the sampling probability that a highly productive or otherwise dominant species is included in a community. This selection effect can raise measured ecosystem function even without every species contributing a unique mechanism, because diverse assemblages draw more species from the regional pool. Species richness counts taxa but does not show their abundance, traits, or interaction strengths. Dominant species may control bulk process rates, rare species may provide specialized functions or future insurance, and predators can restructure whole food webs through indirect effects. Functional groups summarize role overlap, while keystone effects identify unusually strong influence. Separating these dimensions explains why equal losses of richness can have very different ecological consequences and why conservation cannot rely solely on the number of species remaining. In this context, the keyed term, High richness, identifies the relevant mechanism or quantitative relationship and links the observed pattern to its underlying ecological cause.