Practice question

Fungi produce various spores for distinct functions; thick-walled resting structures for persistence under stress include chlamydospores with reinforced walls. Wall heavily melanized composed of beta-glucans and hydrophobins conferring resistance to drought, ultraviolet radiation, temperature extremes and antagonistic microbes, storing lipids and glycogen for germination. Oidia thin-walled for rapid propagation, conidia for dispersal, ascospores typically haploid meiotic dispersal spores with less resistance. Chlamydospore remains viable for months to years in soil or tissues germinating when conditions improve. Prominently observed in Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans and Mucor indicating adaptive strategy.