Practice question

Hydrogen-deuterium exchange monitored by NMR quantifies protection of amide protons over time after dilution into heavy water, reporting structural stability and solvent accessibility. COSY and TOCSY elucidate covalent spin systems through scalar coupling, while NOESY reports through-space contacts for folding. Specific H/D exchange NMR experiment records sequential proton or 15N-HSQC spectra measuring intensity decay of NH peaks, extracting exchange rates and protection factors. This method maps stable versus flexible regions, validates secondary structure, and probes ligand-induced rigidification, widely used in protein folding, epitope mapping, and membrane protein studies.