Practice question

Complete Surface Plasmon Resonance interaction cycle comprises ligand immobilization, baseline stabilization, analyte association, dissociation with buffer wash, and final regeneration to strip residual bound analyte while preserving ligand functionality. Regeneration restores baseline resonance units using mild regeneration buffers, enabling reuse of same chip for multiple concentration injections and kinetic replication. Analysis, dissociation, and calibration are intermediate steps, but regeneration represents definitive concluding stage preparing surface for next cycle. Optimization prevents ligand denaturation and ensures consistent binding capacity across experiments, critical for high-quality kinetic and affinity measurements.