Practice question

The classical diversity–stability hypothesis predicts that ecological stability tends to increase with species diversity. Species with different environmental responses can compensate for one another, reducing temporal variability and helping aggregate ecosystem processes persist through disturbance. Species richness counts taxa but does not show their abundance, traits, or interaction strengths. Dominant species may control bulk process rates, rare species may provide specialized functions or future insurance, and predators can restructure whole food webs through indirect effects. Functional groups summarize role overlap, while keystone effects identify unusually strong influence. Separating these dimensions explains why equal losses of richness can have very different ecological consequences and why conservation cannot rely solely on the number of species remaining. In this context, the keyed term, Linear increase in stability with diversity, identifies the relevant mechanism or quantitative relationship and links the observed pattern to its underlying ecological cause. The distinction is testable by measuring changes in organisms, resources, or process rates through time rather than relying on the label alone.