Practice question

Next-generation sequencing is defined by high-throughput massively parallel architecture that overcame Sanger's one-fragment-at-a-time limitation. Flow cells, bead arrays or semiconductor chips simultaneously sequence millions to billions of clonally amplified library molecules, each generating independent reads in parallel reactions. This parallelism yields gigabases of data per run, enabling whole genome, exome, metagenome and transcriptome analysis cost-effectively and rapidly. Concepts like one gene, low throughput or single template describe only first-generation sequencing. Parallel sequencing capability explains why NGS revolutionized modern genomics dramatically.