Practice question

Gas-liquid chromatography employs gaseous mobile phase and non-volatile liquid coated on inert solid support as stationary phase. Separation depends on differential volatility and solubility in liquid phase. Analytes with lower boiling points and weaker interaction with liquid phase partition preferentially into gas phase, migrating faster and eluting earlier. Higher boiling compounds condense longer in stationary liquid. While polarity influences interaction, the dominant factor correlating with vapor pressure is boiling point. Charge and size alone are insufficient. This principle enables high-resolution separation of volatile organic mixtures, fatty acids, and essential oils.