Q1. What is the reason for foreign companies to come to India?
Solution
One reason why foreign companies come to India is because of cheap labour.
- Wages that companies pay to workers in developed countries are far higher than what they have to pay to workers in poorer countries such as India.
- Companies can get longer hours of work for lower pay.
- Additional expenses (e.g. housing facilities for workers) are also fewer.
Thus, companies can save costs and earn higher profits.
Q2. What steps should be taken by the government to ensure the cleanliness of the environment?
Solution
Some steps which should be taken by the government to ensure the cleanliness of the environment are
- To ask industries to replace old conventional technology by cleaner technologies and processes in the industry.
- Government should provide incentives and tax rebate for companies which use cleaner technologies.
- Fines should be imposed on industries which create pollution more than the prescribed limit.
Q3. What does the Right to Life include?
Solution
The Right to Life is a Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Constitution. It includes the right to the enjoyment of pollution-free water and air for full enjoyment of life.
Q4. How can the government ensure social justice?
Solution
The government ensures social justice by
- Making laws
- Enforcing laws
- Upholding laws
Through these laws, the government can control the activities of individuals or private companies.
Q5. How did the Bhopal disaster bring the issue of the environment in the forefront?
Solution
The issue of the environment was brought in the forefront because several thousands of persons who were not associated with the factory in any way were greatly affected due to the leakage of poisonous gas from the plant. This leakage made people realise that the existing laws, though weak, only covered workers and not people who might be injured due to industrial accidents.
Q6. Which three states published the plans to rescue and rehabilitate children who are working as domestic servants?
Solution
The three states are
- Maharashtra
- Karnataka
- Tamil Nadu
Q7. Why is the ship-breaking industry growing rapidly in South Asia?
Solution
Ship-breaking is a hazardous industry which is rapidly growing in South Asia. It is a process where old ships which are no longer in use are sent to shipyards for scrapping. These ships contain potentially dangerous and harmful substances.
The reasons the ship-breaking industry is growing rapidly in South Asia are
- Advanced countries are taking advantage of the weaker laws in developing countries and keeping their own countries safe.
- Developing countries such as India, Pakistan and Bangladesh play as hosts because of unemployment and poverty.
Q8. What role can people play in ensuring that industries follow proper safety standards?
Solution
People can play an important role ensuring that industries follow proper safety standards. They can exert pressure on private industries and the government to follow safety procedures and use cleaner technologies to act in the greater interests of people. People with the help of various organisations should demand stronger laws for protecting the interests of companies.
Q9. What is the duty of the government?
Solution
The duty of the government is to ensure that the Right to Life guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution is not violated.
Q10. When does the enforcement of the law by the government become important?
Solution
The enforcement of the law becomes important when the law seeks to protect the weak from the strong. For example, the government has to regularly examine the work sites and punish the people who violate the law so as to ensure fair wages to every worker.