1.Which of the following is not a natural stain?
- a) Brazilin
- b) Carmine
- c) Safranine
- d) Hematoxylin
2.For what stains are used?
- a) To render microscopic transparent object visible
- b) To reveal shape and size
- c) To various internal and external cellular structures
- d) All of the above
3.A dye may be defined as an:
- a) Organic compound containing both chromophore and auxochrome groups linked to a benzene ring
- b) Inorganic compound containing both chromophore and auxochrome groups linked to a benzene ring
- c) Organic compound containing auxochrome group linked to a benzene ring
- d) Organic compound containing only a chromophore group linked to a benzene ring
4.What is a dye?
- a) Organic unsaturated benzene ring
- b) Inorganic saturated benzene ring
- c) Organic saturated benzene ring
- d) None of the above
5.A dye which is used for biological purpose is referred to as a:
- a) Color
- b) Stain
- c) Both a and b
- d) All of the above
6.The staining techniques were initially developed by:
- a) Robert Koch, Weigert and Paul Ehrlich
- b) Robert Koch, Weigert and Louis Pasteur
- c) Joseph Lister, Weigert and Louis Pasteur
- d) Joseph Lister, Weigert and Paul Ehrlich
7.W.H.Perkins (Jr.), in 1880’s obtained a fine dye from:
- a) Coal-tar distillates
- b) Aniline
- c) Hematoxylin
- d) Azo litmus
8.Which of the following is a group of Basic dyes?
- a) Eosine, Methylene blue, Crystal violet, Malachite green
- b) Basic fuschin, Methylene Blue, Crystal violet, Malachite green
- c) Basic fuschin, Methylene Blue, Rose bengal, Malachite green
- d) Basic fuschin, Acid fuschin, Rose bengal, Malachite green
9.Janus green is used for:
- a) Special staining
- b) Supravital staining
- c) Intravital staining
- d) Differential staining
10.Ionization of an acidic dye gives:
- a) Positive electrical charge
- b) Acidic charge
- c) Neutral charge
- d) Negative electrical charge
11.Acidic dyes help to:
- a) Stain the background
- b) Remove stain from the cytoplasm
- c) Stain the basic cell constituents
- d) All of the above
12.Ionization of a basic dye gives:
- a) Negative electrical charge
- b) Acidic charge
- c) Neutral charge
- d) Positive electrical charge
13.Which stain is chiefly used to stain cytoplasm?
- a) Acidic stain
- b) Basic stain
- c) Neutral stain
- d) None of the above
14. Which stain is used to stain acid constituents of the cell?
- a) Acidic stain
- b) Basic stain
- c) Neutral stain
- d) None of the above
15. The stain possessing either anionic or cationic nature is called:
- a) Synthetic stain
- b) Basic stain
- c) Acidic stain
- d) Artificial stain
16. Which of the following is an Acid dye?
- a) Methylene blue
- b) Safranin
- c) Congo red
- d) Crystal violet
17. Which one of the following is an example of basic dye?
- a) Rose Bengal
- b) Eosin
- c) Safranin
- d) Congo red
18. Which of the following is an example of acidic dye?
- a) Methylene blue
- b) Safranin
- c) Nigrosine
- d) Malachite green
19. Which of the following is an example of compound dye?
- a) Resazurine
- b) Methylene blue
- c) Giemsa stain
- d) All of the above
20. Which of the following is not a fluoroscent dye?
- a) Acridine orange
- b) Fluorescein isothiocyanate
- c) Acid fuchsin
- d) Rhodamine
21. Acid Fuchsin is a:
- a) Acidic dye
- b) Basic dye
- c) Compound dye
- d) Romanowasky’s stain
22. Methylene blue is a:
- a) Acidic dye
- b) Basic dye
- c) Compound dye
- d) Supravital dye
23. Which of the following is not an acidic dye?
- a) Congo red
- b) Acid fuschin
- c) Acridine orange
- d) Eosine yellow
24. Which of the following is a basic dye?
- a) Methylene blue
- b) Crystal violet
- c) Safranine
- d) All of the above
25. A negatively charged structure on the cell is stained by:
- a) Neutral dye
- b) Positively charged dye
- c) Negatively charged dye
- d) None of the above
26. Which of the following is a Basic dye?
- a) Eosin
- b) Rose Bengal
- c) Nigrosine
- d) None of the above
27. The dye used as an inhibitor is:
- a) Neutral red
- b) Saffarine
- c) Crystal violet
- d) Litmus violet
28. Which of the following is not a pH indicator dye?
- a) Neutral red
- b) Methyl red
- c) Bromothymol blue
- d) Brilliant green
29. What is formed when in a Trinitrobenzene compound, one Hydrogen (H+) ion is replaced by an –OH group?
- a) Trinitro acid
- b) Benzoic acid
- c) Picric acid
- d) Nitro phenol
30. Which property is imparted by the nitro group (NO2) in Picric acid?
- a) Dyeing property
- b) Electrolytic Dissociation Property
- c) Both a and b
- d) None of the above
31. Which group imparts salt forming properties to the dye?
- a) Sulfonic group
- b) Nitro group
- c) Hydroxyl group
- d) Phenolic group
32. Which of these groups are basic chromophores?
- a) Azo group
- b) Azine group
- c) Indamine group
- d) All of the above
33. Which of these groups are acidic chromophores?
- a) Nitro group
- b) Quinoid group
- c) Quinine group
- d) Both a and b
34. By what name is this –N= group in the dye compound known?
- a) Azine group
- b) Indamine group
- c) Nitro group
- d) None of the above
35. Which group is found in picric acid?
- a) Nitro group
- b) Indamine group
- c) Phenol group
- d) Sulphate group
36. Which group imparts salt forming properties to the dye?
- a) Sulphonic group
- b) Nitro group
- c) Hydroxyl group
- d) Phenolic group
37. The chromophore group imparts to the compound the property of:
- a) Color
- b) Electric field
- c) Magnetic field
- d) Charge
38. A chromophore group in a dye imparts:
- a) Color
- b) Shape
- c) Rigidity
- d) None of the above
39. The auxiliary groups known as Auxochromes are responsible for imparting the property of:
- a) Electrolytic dissociation
- b) Electrolytic association
- c) Electrostatic association
- d) Electrophoretic dissociation
40. Compounds of benzene containing chromophore radicals have been called:
- a) Auxochromes
- b) Chromogens
- c) Dyes
- d) Stains
41. In the ‘Chromophore’ terminology, the Greek word ‘Chromo’ means:
- a) Dye
- b) Stain
- c) Fluorescent
- d) Color
42. Groups containing double bonds are also known as:
- a) Chromophore
- b) Auxochrome
- c) Both a and b
- d) None of the above
43.By which type of bonding, the chromophore group of a dye binds with the cells?
- a) Covalent
- b) Hydrophobic
- c) Ionic
- d) All of the above
44.Reduction / destruction of the chromophore group of a dye result in:
- a) Loss of mass
- b) Loss of color
- c) Loss of rigidity
- d) Loss of survival
45.The main characteristic of a leuco compound is:
- a) Reduction of the chromophore group
- b) Oxidation of the chromophore group
- c) Both a and b
- d) None of the above
46. Violet compound changes to orcein in presence of __:
- a) Ammonia
- b) Oxygen
- c) Ammonia and oxygen both
- d) Acid and oxygen
47. Which dye is obtained from lichen Lecanora tinctoria and Roccella tinctoria?
- a) Litmus
- b) Orcein
- c) Brazilin
- d) Both a) and b)
48. _ is usually employed as a nuclear stain:
- a) Litmus
- b) Hematoxylin
- c) Indigo
- d) Brazilin
49.From which plant hematoxylin is obtained?
- a) Logwood
- b) Brazilwood
- c) Cedarwood
- d) Sandalwood
50. Due to which process brazilin and hematoxylin convert into brazilein and hematein respectively?
- a) Reduction
- b) Sulphonation
- c) Oxidation
- d) All of the above
51.The stains are classified according to the _ group present:
- a) Chromophore
- b) Auxochrome
- c) Both of the above
- d) Leuco
52.To be a dye, a compound must contain:
- a) Chromophore group
- b) Auxochrome group
- c) Both of the above
- d) Either a) or b)
53.Acidic dyes are salts of:
- a) Color acids, usually sodium salts or may be potassium, calcium, ammonium salts
- b) Color base, usually sodium salts or may be potassium, calcium, ammonium salts
- c) Color acids, exclusively sodium salts only
- d) Color bases, exclusively sodium salts only
54.The basic stains can be chiefly used to stain:
- a) Nuclei
- b) Metachromatic granule
- c) Both of the above
- d) Cytoplasm
55.Basic dye are salts of:
- a) Chloride
- b) Acetate
- c) Sulfate
- d) Any of the above
56. _ is the chromophore group present in nitro stains:
- a) NO2 and NH2
- b) NO2
- c) OH
- d) Both b) and c)
57.Which one is the example of nitro stain from the example given below?
- a) Aurantia
- b) Martius yellow
- c) Picric acid
- d) All of the above
58.What is incorrect for nitro stains?
- a) They contain NO2 as a chromophore group
- b) They are basic in nature
- c) Picric acid and martius yellow stains are stains of nitro group
- d) All of the above
59.In addition to azo group, azo stains may contain __ group:
- a) OH
- b) NH2
- c) Both of the above
- d) NO2
60.The hydroxyl or amino group are usually present at _ position on the benzene ring in relation to azo group in azo stains:
- a) Para
- b) Ortho
- c) Meta
- d) None of the above
61.Identify the examples of stains belong to mono-azo stains:
- a) Brilliant yellow S, Chrysoidin Y, Fast yellow, Bordeaux red, Sudan R, Sudan II
- b) Janus green B, Methyl orange, methyl red, Orange G, Orange II
- c) Both of the above
- d) Ponceau red, Sudan III, Sudan IV, Vital red
62.Identify the examples of stains belong to diazo and poly-azo stains:
- a) Ponceau red, Sudan III, Sudan IV, Vital red, Evans blue
- b) Sudan black B, Sudan red 7, trypan blue, azo blue, biebrich scarlet
- c) Bismark brown Y, Brilliant purpurin R, Chlorazol black E, Congo red
- d) All of the above
63. Anthraquinone stains are obtained by _ of anthracene:
- a) Reduction
- b) Acetylation
- c) Oxidation
- d) All of the above
64.is the chromophore and the chromogen:
- a) Anthraquinone, quinonoid ring
- b) Quinonoid ring, anthraquinone
- c) Anthracene, quinoid ring
- d) Quinoid ring, anthracene
65.Identify the correct example of anthraquinone group stain:
- a) Alizarin
- b) Alizarin S
- c) Purpurin
- d) All of the above
66.__ is present as the chromophore group in thiazole stains:
- a) Anthraquinone
- b) Quinonoid
- c) Thiazole ring
- d) Indamines
67.Identify the examples of stains belong to thiazole stains:
- a) Trypan blue, azo blue, biebrich scarlet
- b) Geranine G, Primuline
- c) Titan yellow G, Thioflavine S
- d) Both of b) and c)
68.Which chromophore group is present in quinonimine stains?
- a) Indamine
- b) Quinonoid
- c) Both of the above
- d) Indophenols
69.The quinonimine stains are derivatives of compound __:
- a) Para quinine diamine
- b) Para quinine diimine
- c) Para quinone diimine
- d) Para quinine diamine
70.One of the imine hydrogen atoms is replaced by _ group of paraquinione diimine:
- a) Phenyl
- b) Benzyl
- c) Acetyl
- d) Alkyl
71.Which of the following is/are not the groups included in quinonimine stains?
- a) The indamines and the indophenols
- b) The thiazines and oxazines
- c) The azine stains
- d) The xanthene stains
72._ do not contain any stain of biological control:
- a) The indophenols
- b) The thiazines
- c) The indamines
- d) The oxazines
73.The thiazines have a _ and ring:
- a) Phenyl, quinoid
- b) Benzyl, quinonoid
- c) Quinoid ring, anthracene
- d) Phenyl, quinonoid
74.The thiazines have a Phenyl and quinonoid ring joined by __ to form third close ring:
- a) Sulphur
- b) Hydrogen
- c) Nitrogen
- d) Both a) and c)
75. What are the biological stains present in the thiazine group?
- a) Azure A, azure B, toluidine blue O
- b) Methylene azure, methylene blue
- c) Methylene green, thionine, methylene violet
- d) All of the above
76.The oxazines have a Phenyl and quinonoid ring joined by _ and _ to form third close ring:
- a) Sulphur, nitrogen
- b) Sulphur, hydrogen
- c) Oxygen, nitrogen
- d) Oxygen, sulphur
77.What are the examples of biological stains not present in the thiazine group?
- a) Brilliant cresyl blue, cresyl violet acetate
- b) Gallocyanin, nile blue sulphate
- c) Methylene green, thionine, methylene violet
- d) Resazurine, new blue R
78.What is incorrect for the azine stains?
- a) They are derivatives of phenazine
- b) They contain two benzene rings or one benzene ring and one quinonoid ring
- c) The two rings are joined by nitrogen and oxygen to form third ring
- d) None of the above
79.The azines have a two-ring joined together by _ and _ to form third close ring:
- a) Nitrogen
- b) Sulphur
- c) Oxygen
- d) Hydrogen
80._ can act as a chromophore in azine stains:
- a) The quinonoid ring
- b) The azine group
- c) The indamines group
- d) Both a) and b)
81._ is the subgroup of the azine stains:
- a) The safranines
- b) The indulines
- c) The aminoazines
- d) All of the above
82.Induline a d nigrosine are examples of stains belongs to subgroup __:
- a) The indulines
- b) The safranines
- c) The aminoazines
- d) All of the above
83.The indulines are highly phenylated derivatives of the __:
- a) The indalines
- b) The safranines
- c) The aminoazines
- d) All of the above
84.Amethyst violet and azocarmine G are examples of stains belongs to subgroup __:
- a) The thiazines
- b) The indalines
- c) The safranines
- d) The aminoazines
85.Neutral red and neutral violet are examples of stains of __ group:
- a) The safranines
- b) The aminoazines
- c) The thiazines
- d) The indalines
86.In phenylmethane stains, hydrogen atoms of methane are substituted by _ group:
- a) Methyl
- b) Ethyl
- c) Phenyl
- d) All of the above
87.Brilliant green, fast green, light green and malachite green are examples of _ dyes:
- a) Diamino triphenyl methane
- b) Tryamino triphenyl methane
- c) Hydroxy triphenyl methane
- d) Diphenyl-napthyl methane
88.Tryphenylmethane stains are generally _ in nature, except sulfonated derivatives are _:
- a) Acidic, basic
- b) Basic, acidic
- c) Water insoluble, water soluble
- d) Water soluble, water insoluble
89.Members of __ group of stains are chiefly used as indicators:
- a) Diamino triphenyl methane
- b) Tryamino triphenyl methane
- c) Hydroxy triphenyl methane
- d) Diphenyl-napthyl methane
90.Which one of the following is an example of hydroxy tryphenyl methane stains?
- a) Malachite green
- b) Acid fuchsin
- c) Rosolic acid
- d) Victoria blue
91.The pyronine, the rhodamine and the fluorine stains are considered as _ stains:
- a) The phenylmethane
- b) The oxazine
- c) The xanthene
- d) The quinonimine
92.The pyronine stains contain two-ring joined together by _ and _ to form third close ring:
- a) Nitrogen and –CH= radical
- b) Oxygen and –CH= radical
- c) Oxygen and –CO= radical
- d) Nitrogen and –CHO= radical
93. Eosine and erythrosine are examples of the _ dyes:
- a) The fluorane
- b) The rhodamine
- c) The pyronine
- d) The phenolphthalein
94. Phenolphthalein and sulfonephthalein are derivatives of which compound?
- a) Thalic hydride
- b) Phthalic hydride
- c) Phthalic anhydride
- d) Thalic anhydride
95.__ is a compound of ortho-sulfobenzoic acid:
- a) Sulphonephthalein
- b) Phenolphthalein
- c) Both of the above
- d) Rosolic acid
96. Bromocresol, bromopurple, bromothymol stains are examples of:
- a) The fluorane
- b) The rhodamine
- c) The pyronine
- d) The phenolphthalein
97.__ stains were used as disinfectants in past:
- a) The phenolphthalein
- b) The xanthene
- c) The acridine
- d) The fluorine
98.Which of the following are not the examples of natural dyes?
- a) Carmine, orcein and cochineal
- b) Indigo and indigo carmine
- c) Phenolphthalein and sulfonephthalein
- d) Litmus, brazilin and hematoxylin
99. _ on fermentation yields indigo stain:
- a) Indican
- b) Indigofera
- c) Indigo sulfonic acid
- d) Indigo carmine
100.Indigo carmine is a salt of :
- a) Potassium, indigo disulfuric acid
- b) Sodium, indigo disulfonic acid
- c) Sodium, disulfonic acid
- d) Sodium, indigo disulfuric acid
101.Cochineal is obtained by:
- a) Grinding of dried male insect Coccus cacti
- b) Grinding of dried female insect Coccus indifera
- c) Grinding of dried female insect Coccus cacti
- d) Grinding of dried female insect Coccus indifera
102.Cochineal is converted to to make it biologically useful:
a) Carmine
b) Hematoxylin
c) Indigo
d) Orcein
103.The precursor of orcein is obtained from_:
- a) Lichen Roccella tinctoria
- b) Fungus Roccella tinctoria
- c) Lichen Lecanora tinctoria
- d) Both a) and c)
104.When chromophore group of a dye is reduced/destroyed, it results in loss of __:
- a) Mass
- b) Color
- c) Rigidity
- d) Survival
105.The main characteristic of leuco compound is:
- a) Reduction of chromophore group
- b) Oxidation of the chromophore group
- c) Both of the above
- d) None of the above
106.Identify the correct statement:
- a) All chromophores have unsatisfied affinities and are easily reduced by combining with hydrogen at the single bond
- b) All chromophores have unsatisfied affinities and are easily reduced by combining with oxygen at the double bond
- c) All chromophores have unsatisfied affinities and are easily reduced by combining with hydrogen at the double bond
- d) All chromophores have satisfied affinities and are easily reduced by combining with hydrogen at the single bond
107.In a leuco compound, the nitro group is reduced to an amino radical, and the bond between the nitrogen atoms of the azine group may:
- a) Break and be replaced by two atoms of oxygen
- b) Break and be replaced by two atoms of hydrogen
- c) Break and be replaced by two atoms of nitrogen
- d) Not break at all
108.Leuco compounds are used as indicators of:
- a) pH
- b) Oxidation and reduction
- c) Mutagenic activity
- d) Color change
109.A leuco dye is a:
- a) Reduced form of VAT dye, which is soluble in the dye bath
- b) Reduced form of VAT dye, which is insoluble in the dye bath
- c) Reduced form of REACTIVE dye, which is soluble in the dye bath
- d) Reduced form of REACTIVE dye, which is insoluble in the dye bath
110.The leuco dyes are mainly used for:
- a) Coloration of tissues
- b) Staining of cells
- c) Dyeing of fibers
- d) None of the above
111.Leuco dyes are colorless because:
- a) Its saturation has been diminished and its configuration is unchanged
- b) Its saturation has been increased and its configuration is changed
- c) Its saturation has been increased and its configuration is unchanged
- d) Its saturation has been diminished and its configuration is changed
112.Leuco dyes have affinity for the material being dyed, so that:
- a) It can be retained until the reduction is complete
- b) It is not retained until the reduction is complete
- c) It can be retained until the oxidation is complete
- d) It is not retained until the reduction is complete
113. Which of the following is a leuco dye?
- a) Methylene blue
- b) Resazurine
- c) Litmus
- d) All of the above
114. Methylene blue is used as a leuco dye in study of:
- a) Cellular respiration
- b) For detection of bacterial polysaccharides
- c) O-R potential of the organism
- d) All of the above
115. Methylene blue retains its color in:
- a) Presence of oxygen
- b) Absence of reducing system
- c) Both a) and b)
- d) None of the above
116. A leuco dye is a:
- a) Reduced form of a VAT dye and is soluble in the dye bath
- b) Reduced form of a BASIC dye and is soluble in the dye bath
- c) Reduced form of a DIRECT dye and is insoluble in the dye bath
- d) Reduced form of an ACID dye and is soluble in the dye bath
117.Leuco dyes are used for detecting bacterial polysaccharides because:
- a) They are precipitated by the complex carbohydrate present in the cell
- b) They are oxidized to form colored compounds
- c) Both of the above
- d) None of the above